Degrees

Holding degrees from Ranchi University (B.A. Hons. Hindi cum Sanskrit), Shastri from the Sanskrit University, Benares (now Sampurnananda Vidyapitha, Varanasi), BA Phil. Pune, Ph.D. and D.Lit. at the KULeuven, Winand Callewaert now teaches Sanskrit and History of India at the K.U.Leuven

1. The Sarvangi of the Dadupanthi Rajab,
Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 4, Leuven, 1978; 446 pp.
D /1977/2574/1; ISBN 90 70192 01 2

Dadu is one of the most important mystic-reformers in 16th-century Rajasthan. One of his main disciples, Rajab, not only compiled his own Vani, but also a phenomenal Sarvangi. This study gives 1. an introduction about the Dadupantha and the sources about it, 2. a description of the manuscripts of the Sarvangi, 3. a critical edition of selected sakhi-s of Rajab, and 4. an English translation of these sakhi-s, 5. a description of the teachings of Rajab, followed by an extensive glossary, and the detailed contents of the Rajab Sarvangi.

2. Ed., Early Hindi devotional literature in current research,
Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 8, Leuven, 1980; 243 pp.
; D/1979/2574/1; ISBN 90 70192 02 0
When in 1979 the first Bhakti Conference was organized in Leuven, fourteen participants from all over the world attended. Eventually, the proceedings of this meeting were published, along with the Reports of a total of 39 scholars then doing research in the field of Bhakti.

4 . E.C. India. Towards an emerging consensus,
with Rajiv Kumar, eds., Proceedings of the EC-India Seminar (Leuven, Nov. 1984), Leuven, 1985; 214 pp.; D1985/0602/26 ISBN 90-6831-032-1.

The EC-India Seminar held in Leuven on 12-13th Nov. 1984 was the third in a series, bringing together economists from Europe and India . Sponsored by the European Commission, the KULeuven and ICRIER, New Delhi . Papers about Energy, Agriculture, Industry & Technology, Trade, Political Framework, Possibilities and Prospects.

5. The Hindi biography of Dadu Dayal,
Delhi , Motilal Banarsidass, 1988; 178 pp.; ISBN 81-208-0490-2

Around 1620 Jan Gopal wrote the Dadu Janma Lila, but within one generation of scribal transmission his text was extensively changed with corrections and interpolations. This study gives a critical edition of the text, based on seven manuscripts, an English translation and a word-index.

6. The Hindi songs of Namdev,
with Mukund Lath; Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 29, Leuven, 1989; 432 pp.
(also Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi); D/1989/0602/13; ISBN 90-6831-107-7

As Namdev is one of the earliest Bhakti saints in Maharasthra, and extensively quoted in the Adi-granth, we thought it essential that a critical edition of the Hindi songs of Namdev should be prepared, based on the earliest available manuscript material. In this study we give 1. a long introduction about the sources regarding Namdev: Do we know Namdev?, 2. a study of the manuscripts and of the singers' variants in them, 3. a study of the relation between the manuscripts making use of computer counts, 4. an English translation of a selection of songs, 5. a critical edition of the songs. With appendices.

7. Nirgun-bhakti sagar. Devotional Hindi literature,
with B. Op de Beeck, Süd-Asien Institut, Heidelberg & Manohar Book Publications, Delhi, 1991; 2 vols., 584 + 487 pp.; ISBN vol. I 81-85425-66-3, vol. II 81-85425-67-1, Set 81-85425-65-5

Nearly four hundred years ago singers of Bhakti songs in the circle around Dadu in Rajasthan stored the songs of five great saints in their memory: Dadu, Kabir, Namdev, Raidas and Hardas (Panca-vani). This repertoire classified in clusters under a particular rag comprised more than 1,000 songs. I found in this repertoire representative material that is useful for a literary and linguistic study. Adding to it the Bijak of Kabir, some literature of the Siddhas, and the edited Hindi works of Gorakhnath and the Dadupanthi Sundardas, this databank of Bhakti literature was classified alphabetically with the help of a newly developed computer programme.

8. The life and works of Raidas,
with P. Friedlander, Manohar Book Publications, Delhi, 1992; 335 pp.; ISBN 81-7304-032-X

As a prominent saint quoted in the Panca-vani and in the Adi-granth,
Raidas had so far never been critically edited.
This study discusses in detail
1. The life of Raidas,
2. Sources for the Vani of Raidas,
3. The original Vani of Raidas,
4. The teachings of Raidas, and gives
5. Translation of the Vani of Raidas,
6. Critical edition,
7. Word-indexes, and Bibliography.

9. The Sarvangi of Gopal Das,
Manohar Book Publications, Delhi , 1993; 520 pp.; ISBN 81-7304-045-1

Like the Sarvangi compiled by Dadu’s disciple Rajab, the Sarvangi of Gopaldas is a fascinating product of a 17th century extraordinary memory, as well as a marvellous selection of popular Bhakti literature of the period. The size of the manuscript is baffling: 364 folios (or 1.6 Mbyte), with as many as 1,669 pad-s and 6,568 sakhi-s of 138 identified Bhakta-s. It is not only amazing that Gopaldas could store such an amount of literature in his memory. How could he make a selection based on 126 different themes, using existing repertoires that were classified according to rag, and not according to theme? In this study I give, in the Introduction (pp. 5-118): 1. The structure of the Sarvangi of Gopaldas, 2. the List of identified Bhakta-s, 3. Kabir in the Sarvangi of Gopaldas, 4. Dadu in the Sarvangi of Gopaldas, and a detailed table of 5. Contents. Followed by the edition of the Sarvangi of Gopaldas (pp. 119-520).

10. According to tradition. Hagiographical writing in India ,
with Rupert Snell, eds., (vol. 5 in: Khoj. A Series of Modern South Asian Studies, eds. Monika Horstmann and Ali S. Asani), Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1994; 271 pp.; ISBN 3-447-03524-2

Compiled with the intention of facilitating the comparative study of hagiography in the Indian tradition, this book brings together the research of many scholars dealing with a wide variety of eras, regions and languages: W.H. McLeod, Richard K. Barz, Philip Lutgendorf, Winand M. Callewaert, Simon Digby, Phyllis Granoff, S.G. Tulpule, R.J. Zydenbos, Indira Peterson and Tony K. Stewart; with a detailed Index.

11. Gods and Temples in South-India, Manohar Book Publications, 1994, 243 pp.

12. Shri Guru Granth Sahib,
with complete Index, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1996; Vol. 1, 1430 pp.; vol. 2, 967 pp.; ISBN 81-208-1384-7 (Part I); 81-208-1385-5 (Part II), 81-208-1379-0 (Set)

The Adi Granth is not only the sacred scripture of the Sikhs and a unique document for Bhakti literature in North-India: it is also a holy book that has an important place in the religious literature of the world. An analysis of the structure of the Adi Granth in no way suggests a lack of respect for the sacredness of the scripture. Human hands and memories were indeed needed to give form to the divine inspiration.
The standard reprints of the Adi Granth, in both Gurmukhi and Devanagari, respect the initial layout of the first manuscript commissioned by Guru Arjan: on each page a standardized number of lines is given, and on each line a standardized number of words. (For this page-break, however, there is no uniformity in the different printed editions). As a result, the structure of the hymns, the stanzas and end-rhymes cannot easily be observed, and it is nigh impossible to make a workable word-index. In view of a complete Index, I changed the sacred layout and reprinted the text in such a way that the structure of each hymn is visible. Thus an easy reference system could also be created.
In Part I, I reprint in Devanagari the complete text of the Adi Granth (1430 pp.). In Part II, I give a long introduction (pp. 1-205): 1. Contents of the Adi Granth, 2. Structure of the Adi Granth, 3. Glossary, 4. First line indexes, 5. List of titles and subtitles, 6. Compounds hyphenated in the text, 7. Bibliography; followed by the complete index (pp. 1-967).
beelden: 7141,7161,7181,7131,7151

13. Kurukshetra,
of Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, (with Adeshwara Rao, translation from Hindi into English), Heritage Publications, Visakhapatnam ,1995; viii pp. + 106 pp.

14. Ramcaritmanas. Word-index,
(with Philip Lutgendorf), Manohar Book Publications, Delhi 1997, 336 pp.; ISBN 81-7304-208-X

It is a matter of regret that until now no accessible word index has been available for Tulsidasi's justly famed and beloved masterpiece. The index published by Dr. Suryakant in 1937 was assembled with great care, but unfortunately the Manas edition on which he based it has been virtually unavailable for a long time. Since its publication in 1938, the Gita Press edition by Shri H.P. Poddar has appeared in numerous editions and formats, large and small, and has been printed in hundreds of thousands of copies. Therefore we based our word index on the text as presented in the Gita Press edition.
afbeelding: 7121

15. Descriptive bibliography of Allama Muhammad Iqbal,
(with Dieter Taillieu and Francis Laleman), 299 pp., Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, Leuven , 1999; D. 2000/0602/24; ISBN 90-429-0819-X

Bibliographical work about Iqbal in the Arabic scripts (Urdu, Persian, Arabic and so on) has been published by the Iqbal Academy , Lahore . This publication covers what appeared in English, German, French, Dutch, Italian, Czech, Portuguese, Swedish, Finnish, Turkish and Russian, combining patient work in libraries with the most modern search on internet. The result is an impressive list of 2,500 entries (the latest dated 1998).

16. The Hagiographies of Anantadas,
Curzon Press, London ; 414 pp.; ISBN 0-7007-1331-X

Some time before or around 1600 AD an ascetic of the Ramananda order in Rajasthan felt inspired to bring together in a poetic composition the different legends he had heard about the great Bhakta-s of his times: Namdev, Kabir, Raidas, Dhana, Angad, Trilochan and Pipa. More famous Bhakta-s he could not have chosen, and four of them (Kabir, Dhana, Pipa and Raidas), he says, were initiated by Ramananda. The association with Ramananda was repeated by Nabha and Raghavdas in their Bhaktamal-s, and by later tradition, but doubted recently by Parshuram Chaturvedi (1964) and modern scholarship. In fact, it may have been Anantadas who was responsible for this association. The travelling singers who memorized the parcai-s of Anantadas were themselves also poets, capable of adding or changing a line or two. The result of their genius and creativity is a headache and a challenge for the text critic who looks at manuscripts and tries to restore what Anantadas originally must have recited. A study of the parcai-s of Anantadas gives not only an insight in a very creative period of oral transmission. These parcai-s are also like a video of late 16th century social and religious thinking.
After a long introduction, this study gives a critical edition of the parcai-s, and an English translation (except for Kabir), and an edition of the pad-s of Dhana, Trilochan, Pipa, Angad and of Ramananda, based on the earliest manuscripts now available.

17. Banaras . Visions of a living ancient tradition,
(with photographs by Robert Schilder), Hemkunt Publ. New Delhi, 2000; 120 pp.; ISBN 81-7010-302-9

18. The Millenium Kabīr Vānī, A Collection of Pad-s,
(in collaboration with Swapna Sharma and Dieter Taillieu), Manohar Publications, New Delhi , 2000, 629 pp.; ISBN 81-7304-357-4

When around 1500 the moslim weaver Kabir sang his songs in Banaras , nobody could imagine that at the end of the twentieth century he would be the most frequently quoted bhakti saint in North-India.
Five hundred years after Kabir was born in Banaras and after at least 80 years of scholarship, do we have any certainty that the songs attributed to him and published in critical and uncritical editions and translations, are by Kabir? I doubt it more and more. Between Kabir and our computer age lie 150 years of oral transmission (which never stopped) and nearly 400 years of scribal transmission. We have no oral recordings of Kabir scolding his audiences and I take it for granted that he did not write down his compositions. What we have are manuscripts in which his popular repertoire was written down, first by traveling singers, and later, in a more respectful and professional way, by devoted scribes. But what do we have of Kabir in those repertoires?
I argue that with certainty we can only say that the version of Kabir’s song found in the 17th century manuscripts is the version commonly used and sung by singers then.
Among the pad-s in the Vani of Kabir we can earmark those that may have been popular in the repertoires around 1550, that is two generations after the death of Kabir and one generation before the first manuscripts still preserved now were written. The norm is ‘occurrence’ in Punjab and/or Rajasthan.
When everything is said and done, one question remains: how could Kabir become so charismatic that many devotees, possibly during his lifetime and definitely after his death, were happy to insert his name as bhanita in their own compositions and let those songs circulate with his name, not their own? What was his genius that eventually was changed into a social consciousness strongly influencing later generations?
errata: PDF-document

19. Devotional Literature in South-Asia,
Current Research 1997-2000, Manohar Publications, New Delhi , 2000, (with Dieter Taillieu), 324 pp.

This book contains the reports given at the Eighth ‘Bhakti Conference’ organized in Leuven in August 2000. Forty scholars came to Leuven, hailing from fourteen different countries – from Japan to the west coast of the United States – each one bringing his or her expertise and experience. Nearly all the reports are published here. In addition, another twenty scholars sent a report or their list of publications. The result is a fascinating overview of the very wide field that Bhakti studies have become, with a list of 1162 books and articles, and reports about Bengali, ‘Braj’, Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi and Rajasthani literature; lexicography, musicology, Santa literature, Sikhism. Gorakhantah, Kabir, Krishna Bhakti, Lalan Fakir, Mirabai, Ramananda, Surdas, Tulsidas, and many other topics of research. A detailed index makes all this matter easily accessible.

Publications in Dutch

21. India. Van de laat-mogols (1700) tot heden, with L. De Brabandere, Inforiënt Reeks, 1, Leuven, 1984; 156 pp

22. De Zuid-Indische tempels, Inforiënt Reeks, 3, Leuven, 1985; 210 pp.

23. Het Indiase Sub-continent. Mensen, mythen, machten, Inforiënt Reeks, 6, Leuven, 1986; 343 pp.

24. Annemarie Schimmel, Muhammad Iqbal. Profetische dichter en filosoof, (translation from German), Inforiënt Reeks, 9, Leuven, 990; 215 pp.

25. India. Goden als mensen, Davidsfonds, Omega Reeks, 3, 1991; 190 pp.

26. Hindoeïsme. Goden, gurus, gezangen, Davidsfonds, Leuven, Omega Reeks 11, 1994; 219p.

27. India. Betoverende verscheidenheid,

Davidsfonds, Leuven, 1996; 240 p.  

vierde, herziene uitgave, 254 blz., 2004

28. Mythen en verhalen uit het oude India, Davidsfonds Leuven, 1997, 181 blz.

29. Benares. Stad van goden, hart van India, (met Robert Schilder), Peeters, Leuven, 1997, 198 blz.,

30. Kailash. De weg van de berg, (met Frans Boenders en Hubert Minnebo), Pandora, Antwerpen, 1997, 86 blz.

31. De wijzen gaven Het vele namen. Zingeving vanuit de verscheidenheid aan religies, Pelckmans, Antwerpen, 1998, 165 pp.; ISBN (in Dutch)

The questions addressed in this book are:
- how can believing Christians profit from an encounter with another religious tradition (in this case Hinduism);
- do they have to abandon their own tradition, submerging in the ocean 'where all religions are the same', or
- can the encounter become an occasion to deepen the inspiration they draw from their own tradition while at the same time encouraging them to seriously question certain aspects of their own tradition?
I deal with these questions, telling the story of my own search: going to India in 1965 and now teaching Sanskrit and lecturing and publishing about Indian religions in Leuven , Belgium .

In Chapter One I describe my journey to India in 1965 and the inspiring examples there in the Christian environment.
In Chapter Two I recall the encounters with my Sanskrit teachers and others in Banaras , where slowly the insight grew that a non-Christian religion is for many believers an inspiring force leading them to salvation. In dialogues the basic tenets of the (then?) Christian dogma are confronted with the questions asked by Hindus.
In Chapter Three the theme of 'many gods, One God' in the Hindu tradition is elaborated upon, with quotations from the Hindu scriptures and with references to experiences in everyday life.
In Chapter Four I deal with the intricate problem of the incarnation (of Christ) and the avtar-s of Hindu gods. I argue that the 'unicity' of Christ has much to do with the metaphors regarding his incarnation that were developed during the first centuries and in the early Middle Ages: kenosis, ransom, and so on.
In Chapter Five, with an open but critical mind, I describe how others look at Christianity, especially what (at least some) Hindus have to say about Christ and Christians. Also what they feel about the anti-semitic and colonial attitudes sometimes found, they say, in Christian traditions.
Chapter Six deals with the relation between Rome and the Indian Christian theologians, with special attention for topics like conversion, national church, hindutva, and so on.
In Chapter Seven I propose a model of relation that should enable a Christian to meet another tradition not as a threat but as an inspiring force. With this model each believer in any tradition can look at the ultimate in his or her tradition as a partial reflection of the Ultimate never, yet, fully known.

32. Bhutan. Kloosterburchten en geesten, (with Hubert Minnebo), Pandora, Antwerpen, 1999, 165 blz.

33. Bhagavad Gita. Het heilig boek van de Hindoes, (met Gerda Staes) Davidfonds, 2001, 158 blz

Op het slagveld staan twee familieclans tegenover elkaar om de epische veldslag van het Mahabharata aan te vangen. Eén probleem: op het laatste nippertje weigert Arjuna, de beste soldaat van het ene kamp, de strijd aan te binden. Met zijn wagenmenner Krishna voert hij een unieke dialoog: hoe de juiste keuze te maken?

De oorlog waarvoor Arjuna staat, verbeeldt de strijd tussen goed en kwaad in de mens. De opperste hindoe-god Krishna bemiddelt met een inspirerend antwoord dat tot inzicht leidt. De Bhagavad Gita, ‘Het lied van Krishna’, is een rijke synthese van oude hindoe-wijsheid. Een poëtisch pareltje, dat ook voor de zoekende mens innerlijke bevrijding brengt.

Na de bijbel is de Bhagavad Gita het meest vertaalde religieuze werk in de wereldliteratuur. Het biedt aan honderden miljoenen mensen in en buiten India een stevige basis om zin te vinden in het leven. Deze uitgave is de eerste moderne vertaling rechtstreeks uit het Sanskriet naar het Nederlands.

Life and Works of the Dadupanthi Rajab,
in: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 4,1973, 141-153.

The Anabhay Prabodh of Garibadas,
in: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 5,1974, 163-185.

A 17th c. Anthology of Hindi Poetry,
in: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 5,1974, 187-196.

Manuscripts of some Bhaktamalas, Pancavanis and Sarvangis,
in: IAVRI Bulletin, London , IV (Oct. 1976), 5-12.

Search for Manuscripts of the Dadupanthi Literature in Rajasthan, II,
in: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 8,1977, 305-308.

The nirgun Bhakti of Rajab,
in: South Asian Digest of Regional Writing, Heidelberg , vol.6 (1977), 45-49.

Key for Understanding Mystical Literature,
in: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 8(1977), 309-330.

Microfilms of Hindi Literature,
in: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 9(1978), 185-188.

Dadupanthi Sahitya ki Hastalikhit Granthom ki Khoj, (Hindi),
in: Shodh Patrika, Udaipur , 28/1(Jan.1978), 5-24.

The Hindu-Christian Dialogue : A Bibliography,
in: Journal of Dharma, Bangalore , IV,2 (April-June 1979), 186-211.

A Colloquium on Research in Devotional 'Hindi' Literature, (Leuven,1979),
in: IAVRI Bulletin, London , VII (Dec.1979), 36-37.

A 'Dynamic Equivalence Translation' of the Bhagavad Gita,
in: Journal of Dharma, V, 1 (Jan.-March 1980), 52-63

Catalogues of Manuscripts of 'Early Hindi' Bhakti Literature,
in: IAVRI Bulletin, London , VIII (June 1980), 22-26.

God in 'Early Hindi' Bhakti : Male or Female?,
in: Journal of Dharma, Bangalore , V,2 (April-June 1980), 190-198.

Microfilms of Hindi Literature in Private Possession,
in: South Asia Library Notes and Queries, Chicago , June 1980, 4-7.

Nirgun Literature in Rajasthan. A Report,
in: W.M. Callewaert, ed., Early Hindi Devotional Literature in Current Research, 1980, 34-39.

(with L. De Brabandere), Nirgun Literature on Microfilm in Leuven, Belgium,
in: IAVRI Bulletin, London, IX (Dec. 1980), 24-48.

Sanskrit Studies in Belgium
in: News Bulletin of the IASS,3(1981), 6.

The Sarvangi of the Dadupanthi Rajab andother Anthologies with Hindi Literature in Rajasthan,
in: 30th Intern. Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North-Africa,(Mexico City,1976), Mexico , 1982, 98-104.

Text-analysis with Computer in Sanskrit, Hindi and Gurmukhi,
in: South Asia Research, London ,3,1 (May 1983), 18-27.

Text-analysis with Computer in Devanagari,
in: Monika Thiel-Horstmann, ed., Bhakti in Current Research, Berlin , 1983, 65-73.

Index of F.L. DAMEN, Crisis and Religious Renewal in the Brahmo Samaj (1860-1884), Leuven , 1983, 353-368.

The Leuven Text-Composition System in Devanagari,
in: Computer Science and Informatics, Journal of the Computer Society of India , vol. 13, 2, 1984, 23-30.

Collating Manuscripts in Hindi with Computer,
in: Computers in Literary and Linguistic Research, (XIth International Conference ALLC, Louvain-la-Neuve, 2-6 April 1984), 2p.

The Leuven Text-composition System in Indian Alphabets,
in: ALLC Bulletin (Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing), vol.12, 1(1984), 5-8.

Sanskrit Studies outside India ,
in: V.V. Bedekar, ed., Sanskrit outside India , Book II, (4th Sept. 1983),1984, p.9.

Nirgun Literature. Lexicographical difficulties,
in: Proceedings of the IVth World Sanskrit Conference, Weimar , May 1979, Humboldt Un., Berlin , 1985, 361-364.

Rajasthani Literature without Autograph?
in: IAVRI Bulletin, XIII, London 1986, 9-18.

Indian Manuscripts without Autograph? A Computer Analysis.
in: Indo-Iranian Journal 30 (1987) 65-71.

Manuscripts, Archetypes and the Computer: A Report,
in: Literary and Linguistic Computing, vol. 2, No. 1, 1987, 44-46.

Dadu and the Dadupanth: The Sources,
in: Schomer,K. & W.H. McLeod, Eds., The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India . Berkeley: Religious Studies Series, 1987, 181-189.

Namdev's Repertoires and the Guru Granth,
in: Journal of Sikh Studies, Amritsar , vol. XIV, No. 1, Feb. 1987, 7-17.

Daduji Maharaj ki samanvay sadhna (Hindi),
in: Gyananjali, Dadu Mahavidyalay, Jaipur, 1988-1989, 22-23.

Raidas and the Guru Granth,
in: Journal of Sikh Studies, vol. xv, No. 11, Aug. 1988, Dept. of Guru Nanak Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.

The Musical Arrangement in the Guru Granth,
in: The Sikh Courier, Autumn-Winter 1989, London , 25-27.

Namdev's Poems in Rajasthan and Panjab,
in: Annali ISMEO, Napoli , 49 (1989), fasc. 3, 301-308.

Can the Bhagavad Gita be translated?
in: C.D. Verma, ed., The Gita in World Literature, Delhi , 1990. pp. 89-100.

The 'Earliest' Song of Mira (1503-1546),
in: Journal of the Oriental Institute (Un. of Baroda ), XXXIX, 3-4, March-June 1990, 239-253.

Songs and Singers. Ravidas and the Guru Granth,
in: The Sikh Courier, London , Autumn-Winter 1990, 6-11.

The 'earliest' Song of Mira, (1503-1546),
in: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 22(1991), 201-214. (also in : Annali, Istituto Universitario Orientale, Napoli, vol. 50, 1990, 363-378).

An Early Hindi Databank in the computer,
in: South Asia Language Teaching and Research Newsletter, Philadelphia , vol. 1, 6 (Spring 1991), 2-5.

An 'Early Hindi' Databank in the computer,
in: South Asia Research ( London ), vol. 11, No. 2, Nov. 1991, 189-193.

Les poèmes de Namdev dans la littérature Rajasthani,
in: F. Mallison, ed., Littératures médiévales de l'Inde du Nord, École francaise d'extrême orient, Paris, 1991, 55-63.

Critical Editions. A Waste of Time?
in: Chandramani Singh & Neelima Vashishtha, eds., Pathways to Literature Art and Archaeology (G.N. Bahura Felicitation Volume), Jaipur, 1991, 2 vols, II, p. 133-139.

Songs and Singers: Raidas and the Guru Granth,
in: The Journal of Religious Studies, Patiala , Vol.XX, 2, 1991, 9-19.

Nirgun Literature on Microfilm in Leuven, II,
in: IAVRI Bulletin, London, Nos. XV-XVI, 1991-1992, 17-22.

Manuscripts. A precious goldmine,
in: The Journal of Religious Studies, vol. xxii, 1993, Patiala , 158-173.

The Name in Nirgun Bhakti,
in: Journal of Vaisnava Studies, New York , Vol. 2, No. 2, 1994, 163-174.

The Sarvangi of the Dadupanthi Gopaldas,
in: Studies in South Asian Devotional Literature. (Research papers, 1988-1991 presented at the Fifth Conference on Devotional Literature in New Indo-Aryan Languages, held at Paris École francaise d'Extrême Orient, 9-12 July 1991. pp. 449-454.

Bhagatmals and Parcais in Rajasthan.
in: Winand M. Callewaert & Rupert Snell, eds., According to Tradition, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden , 1994; 87-98.

Guru Nanak: Ideal of equality,
in: Indian Horizons, vol. 44, 3,1995, 155-161

Guru Ravidas: Teachings for the 21st century,
in:Ravi Dass Jaikara, Chandigarh , 1994,15-17.

Translating Santa literature (North-India, 1400-1700 A.D.),
in: E. Garzilli, ed., Translation, Translating, Translators. From India to the West, Harvard Oriental Series, Opera Minora, March 1996; 1-10.

Kabir. Scholarly Commentaries on Un-critical texts.
in: Annali, Istituto universitario Orientale, Napoli ; vol. 56,1, 1996; 88-98.

Is the poet behind the texts?
in: Journal of Indian Philosophy 26, 1998; 405-417.

On the way to Kailash
in: Alex McKay, Pilgrimage in Tibet , Curzon Press, London , 1998, 108-116

The Adi-granth of the Sikhs. A canon?
in: Mariola Offredi, The Banyan Tree. Essays on Early Literatures in New Indo-Aryan Languages; Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Early Literature in New Indo-Aryan Languages, Venice , 1997; Manohar, Delhi 1999, 523-534.

North Indian Bhakti Literature. Editions and Translations;
in: P.J. Mistry & Bharati Modi: Vidyopasana: Studies in Honour of Harivallabh C. Bhayani, Image publications, Mumbai, Ahmedabad; 1999; 13-27.

The 'Early Hindi' Hagiographies by Anantadās',
in; Phyllis Granoff & Koichi Shinohara, eds., Pilgrims, Patrons and Place: Localizing Sanctity in Asian Religions, UBC Press Vancouver/Toronto, 2003, 203-223.

Kabir's Pads in 1556.
in: Monika Horstmann, ed. Images of Kabir (Conference "The 600th Anniversary of Kabir's Birth". Heidelberg 15-18 June 1999), Manohar Publ. Delhi, 2003, 45-72.

Bhakti Literature: An Oral-Scribal Archetype,
in: Ramona Modiano, Leroy F. Searle, and Peter Shillingsburg, Voice, Text, Hypertext, Un. of Washington Press, Seattle and London , 2003, 115-124.

Kabir's Pads in 1556.
in: Monika Horstmann, ed. Images of Kabir (Conference "The 600th Anniversary of Kabir's Birth". Heidelberg 15-18 June 1999), Manohar Publ. Delhi, 2003, 45-72.

Bhakti Literature: An Oral-Scribal Archetype,
in: Ramona Modiano, Leroy F. Searle, and Peter Shillingsburg, Voice, Text, Hypertext, Un. of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 2003, pp. 115-124.

The Holy Book of the Sikhs (India): sacred scripture as a canon,
in: D. De Smet, G. de Callatay & J. Van Reeth, eds. Al-Kitab. La sacralité du texte dans le monde de l'Islam, Actes du Symposium International tenu à Leuven et Louvain-la-Neuve du 29 mai au 1 juin 2002 (Acta orientalia Belgica. Subsidia III), 2004, pp. 425-434.

Gandhi and Untouchability,
in: Gandhi and Knowledge Management. Ed. F. Vandamme: Communication & Cognition, vol. 37, Nr. 1 (2004), pp. 19-26.

Kabir: Do We Sing His Songs or Someone Else's,.
in: Anne S. King and John Brockington, eds. The Intimate Other: Love Divine in Indic Religions, Orient Longman, 2005, pp. 129-152.

An Index to the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, .
in: Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib; Ed. Balwant Singh Dhillon, Department of Guru Nanak Studies, GND university, Amritsar, vol. 2, 2004, pp.33-40.

Bakhana in the early Dadapantha,
in: Brajendra Kumar Singhal, Bakhana Vani, Shri Svami Lakshmiram Trust, Jaipur, 2005, pp. 9-16.

Padas of Guru Nanak in Rajasthani Manuscripts,
in: Monika Horstmann (ed.), Bhakti in Current Research, 2001-2003: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Early Devotional Literature in New Indo- Aryan Languages, Heidelberg, 23-26 July 2003. With a DVD by Daniel Gold (South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, South Asian Studies 43). New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2006; pp. 49-113.

Encyclopaedic Bibliography of Iqbal Project
in: Muhammad Suheyl Umar, ed. Iqbal and Modern Era, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Gent, Belgium, 18-19 November 1997, Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2006, 11-15.

Articles in Dutch

De Gita: een schatkist van oude Indische wijsheid,
in: Jeugd en Cultuur,XXI (mei 1976), 358-366.

Recente Handschriftenstudie in Noord-India,
in: Handelingen van het XXXI Vlaams Filologencongres; Brussel, April,1977, 212- 215.

Hindu Goeroes in het Westen,
in: Dietsche Warande en Belfort, 126/5(June, 1981), 353-362.

De vrouw in India, I,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, I (1981-82),2, 13-17.

Wijsheid uit India bij ons,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, I (1981-82),5, 22-27.

De vrouw in India, II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, I (1981-82),6, 22-27.

De Gita, het meest vertaalde boek van India,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, I (1981-82),9, 27-31.

De Avatara's of Nederdalingen van Vishnu, I,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier II (1982-83),8, 25-29.

De Avatara's of Nederdalingen van Vishnu, II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier II (1982-83),9, 28-29.

Het Hindoe-beeld: sacraal en artistiek, I,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),1, 7-11.

Het Hindoe-beeld: sacraal en artistiek, II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),2, 18-20.

Hindi: wiens moedertaal?
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),3, 26-28.

Bhakti of Hindoe mystiek, I,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),4,26-29.

Boekbespreking: Atlas van de wereldgeschiedenis,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),4,29-30.

Bhakti of hindoe-mystiek II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),6,17-20.

Vergane glorie in Hampi I,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),6,20-21.

De tien Sikh goeroes en de Granth,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),7, 13-18.

Vergane glorie in Hampi II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),7, 18-21.

Vergane glorie in Hampi III,.br
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),8, 12-14.

Vergane glorie in Hampi IV,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, III (1983-84),9, 12-14.

Religieuze minderheden in India,
in: Kultuurleven,52 (1985), 1, 42-48.

Hoe groen was de revolutie?,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier, IV (1984-85),4, 20-21.

Handschriftenstudie met de computer,
in: Onze Alma Mater, 39(1985),1,51-58.

Indische wijsheid als opium?
in: Inforiënt-Dossier IV (1984-85),8, 15-18.

De Hindoe vereert veel goden,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier V (1985-1986), 3, 83-85.

Liefdessymboliek in de Indiase tempels,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier V (1985-86),4,114-117.

Liefdessymboliek in de Indiase tempels, II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier V (1985-1986),5,1148-149.

Politiek en Filosofie in het Oude India,
in: Kultuurleven, 53,6 (juli-aug. 1986), 540-544.

De evolutie-visie van Shri Aurobindo,
in: W.M. Callewaert, Het Indiase Subcontinent. Mensen, Mythen, Machten, 1986, 184-195.

Mahatma Gandhi, een hindoe?
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VI (1986-1987),2,47-52.

Het boek in India,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VI (1986-1987),3,78-82.

Een kind is ons geboren,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VI (1986-1987),4,108-111.

De Zonnetempel in Konarak,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VI (1986-1987),8,240-244.

Tempelarchitectuur in Orissa, I,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VI (1986-1987),8,244-245.

Tempelarchitectuur in Orissa, II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VI (1986-1987),9,267-271.

Goden en feesten in Puri,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VI (1986-1987),9,271-275.

De vele namen van Banaras, I,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VII (1987-1988),1,39-42.

De vele namen van Banaras, II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VII (1987-1988),2,83-95.

Gujarat en de Jains,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VII (1987-1988),4,189-198.

Ze moeten gaan...
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VII (1987-1988),5,246-253.

De cultus van de slang in India,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VII (1987-1988),6,312-320.

Shiva in de iconografie,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VII (1987-1988),7,357-366.

Krishna in de Bhagvat Puran I, II,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier VII (1987-1988),7, 367-376; 8,409-420.

Reincarnatie. Een Indisch erfgoed,
in: Streven, aug.-sept. 1988, 977-984.

Iqbal (1877-1938).br
in: Inforiënt-Dossier IX (1990), 1, 95-108.

En Shiva onthoofdde zijn zoon,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier IX (1990), 1, 109-120.

God als vrouw,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier IX (1991), 3, 285-297.

Op bedevaart in India,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier X (1992), 1, 64-83.

Ayodhya, hindoes versus moslims,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier X (1992), 1, juni 1992, 84-96.

Dadu, de lieve mysticus,
in: Streven nov. 1993 (60/10) 889-901.

Overgave aan God als Krishna,
in: Korrelcahier, Averbode, ten Bosch, 1993, 15-24.

Het fascinerende India,
in: Eertijds 25, 1 (1993), 24-29.

De politiek in India,
in: Eertijds 25, 3 (1993), 40-44.

East is East,
in: Inforiënt-Dossier X (1993), 2, zomer 1993, 225-230.

Hindoeïsme en politiek,
in: Noord-Zuid Cahier, Jg 20, 1, maart 1995, 73-81

Fundamentalisme bij de Sikhs?,
in: Noord-Zuid Cahier, Jg 20, 1, maart 1995, 109-116

Een modelrelatie tussen religieuze tradities,
in: Streven, Jg. 62, 10, nov. 1995, 894-901

Christenen en hindoes,
in: Onze Alma Mater. Leuvense Perspectieven, Jg 49, nov. 1995, 385-406

De moslims in India.
in: Kultuurleven. 64,3; mei. 1997; 44-51

De Brahma Kumaris,
in: Kultuurleven. 65,5; sept. 1998; 114-119.

De goden willen onsterfelijk zijn,
in: Belasia. Asia Fair 2000, Feb. 2000, 28-29.

Bhutan. Kloosterburchten en geesten,
in: Belasia. Asia Fair 2000, Feb. 2000, 35.

India. Tradities en de 21ste eeuw;
in: B. Raymaekers & André van de Putte: Krachten voor de toekomst. Lessen voor de eenentwintigste eeuw, Universitaire Press Leuven, Davidsfonds, Leuven; 2000, 284-308.

Ontmoeting met Indiase wereldbeschouwingen: andere ervaring van de Ultieme Werkelijkheid,
in: Ilse N. Bulhof, Marcel Poorthuis & Vinod Bhagwandin (red.), Mijn plaats is geen plaats, Klement/Pelckmans 2003, 99-116.

Grandiose teksten uit hindoe India. Een mini-inleiding,
in: Johan De Tavernier (red.), De bijbelen andere heilige boeken: verhalen om van te leven? Acco Leuven / Amersfoort, 2003; 183-208.

Taittiraya Upanishad,
in: Douwe Tiemersma (red.), De elf grote Upanishaden, Tekst en toelichting, Advaita Centrum, Leusden, 2004; 78-98.

Hanuman verleent kracht,
Infoblad OHM, april/juni 2004; 22-24.

De onderworpenheid aan een goeroe,
in: Paul Cortois en Walter Van Herck (red.), Meesters en Discipelen. Reflecties op een vergeten relatie, Pelckmans, 2010.